Background Peach (Prunus persica L.) is the most important stone fruit crop in the world, and the bioactive compositions in fruit flesh have the properties in antioxidant capacity, diabetes, cancer, etc. Methods Changes in fruit quality, content of bioactive compositions and antioxidant capacity were determined by spectrophotometer or GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer). The genes expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACCo) and Endo-Polygalacturonase (Endo-PG) was detected by qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results The fruit flesh firmness, total acidity (TA) and the content of total phenolics decreased, while the total soluble solids (TSS), ripening index (RI), and the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, Vitamin C and aroma volatiles increased with the fruit matured. Among of the 7 main components of aroma volatiles, the contents of trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol decreased, the contents of γ-dodecalactone, γ-decalactone, δ-decalactone, γ-hexalactone and γ-octalactone were accumulated significantly. The gene expression of ACCo and Endo-PG had variable changes but positive with most of bioactive compositions, and then promoted the antioxidant capacity during the fruit ripening. Conclusions The gene expression of ACCo and Endo-PG had variable effects on the physiological and biochemical changes in peach fruit flesh. The present study would pave the way for the elucidation of the relationship between gene expression of ACCo and Endo-PG and changes in physiology and biochemistry.

Rapid development of the radio communications system, especially in developed countries has drawn the attention of telecommunication system engineers to explore the frequency band above the Ku - band. Due to the fact that radio communication system operating in the frequency band above Ku-band, 10GHz suffered from the impact of rain attenuation during the rainy condition, prediction of rain attenuation using 1-min rainfall rate distribution is indeed vital. However, 1-min rainfall rate distribution is hardly available compared to the rainfall rate distribution with longer integration times. Therefore, a suitable conversion method is required to predict 1-min rainfall rate distribution of distinct integration times. This paper present several conversion methods such as Segal, Burgueno et al., Chebil and Rahman and Joo\net al. used for the conversion purpose. Segal method provides an overall RMS error below 5% at different integration times and it is suitable to be used in Malaysia.

In this paper, we study currently proposed clustering algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks ac-cording to certain criteria. We will briefly discuss the characteristics of these algorithms, as well as compare the performance between the different schemes in terms of the energy consumption and the lifetime of the network. Specifically, we develop a novel taxonomy of WSN clustering algorithms based on detailed clus-tering attributes and compare these different approaches according to our taxonomy. Finally, we discuss improvements to be made for future proposed clustering schemes.

How visual aids of teaching yield satisfactory learning outcomes is still a controversial issue of how visual and verbal systems of processing information work. The ways systems work might impede rather result in a desired learning outcome when using visual aids to teaching. Learning occurs in multidimensional processes of acquiring relevant information to emotions, thoughts, and past experiences of students that affect any style of teaching and learning. Educators, therefore, need to take under consideration this effect to prefer the most appropriate teaching aids and styles. However, a preferred kind of aids and styles is not necessarily resulting in best learning. Educators must also be aware of how cognitive processes of students work and on their cognitive tasks to teach effectively. Reviewed literature shows that cognitive processes are mostly unconscious rather than conscious in working on the tasks. Nevertheless, educators often omit to consider the unconscious processes of learning in their teaching activities. This omission does not lead educators to achieve satisfactory results of teaching. This review discusses the relationship between visual teaching aids and the cognitive information processing systems in link with the unconscious processes. The review concludes that educators should reconsider the unconscious processes underlying the information-processing systems in order to achieve satisfactory effects of the visual aids on their teaching performance.

Flexible AC transmission system devices are used in power transmission networks in order to increase the maximum power transmission and stability. They as well, help to damp low frequency oscillations for both local and internal areas. On the other hand, the design of these devices with uncoordinated Power System Stability (PSS) may degrade the performance of the power system. In addition, the power systems are vast, complex and nonlinear. Linear control strategies do not have a satisfactory performance for these systems, especially when some disturbances occur. In this study a nonlinear control strategy based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is designed to control PSS and ASMES co-ordinately for a standard power system. The results demonstrate that the proposed coordinated control strategy based on RNN leads to an improvement in stability of frequency and terminal voltage responses of the generators.

In the recent years, the role of values of Mass in the transition to democracy has been of particular salience. Although the conceptual geneology indicates the emphasis of thinkers like Aristotle and Plato on the importance of the role of values of citizens in the policy, but it was in recent decades that researches like Almond and Verba's "civic culture" have directed the focuses to this phenomena more and more. This study is done in the same way, but has been conducted with innovative ideas and experiences about values. The data used to test the main hypothesis of this study obtained from the 2005 and 2008 survey waves of World Values Survey (WVS). This survey was conducted in Iran in 2007 with 2667 samples. In this data set, location of respondents is provided in one of the recorded variables, so it is possible to compare the self-expression values of different provinces. Overall, our analysis was accomplished for 19 provinces of provinces of Iran, considering some modification for the number of provinces. The results indicate a significant relationship between the status of human development index (HDI) and its subsidiaries, the per capita income, life expectancy and education levels with the self-expression values that is type of democratic political culture. Results also show that, Human development index, explains more than 28.2% of the variance of a democratic political culture.

The multilevel inverters are preferred to overcome the voltage blocking limitations of the available switches. The advantage of this technology is improved output waveforms for higher number of levels. This is used for cascade H-bridge inverters that can be built to produce a large number of levels owing to their modular structure. Nevertheless, this advantage comes at the cost of multiple dc links supplied by independent rectifiers through the use of a multi-output transformer for inverters or at the cost of complicated and bulky input transformers with multiple rectifiers. This front end complicates the implementation of inverters that have a high number of levels. An alternative method of using lower voltage cells with floating dc links to compensate only for the voltage distortion of a neutral point clamped inverter is considered for active rectifier applications. In recent years, an increased interest has been given to hybrid topologies, integrating more than one topology in a single inverter. A hybrid inverter formed by the parallel connection of a main three-level neutral point clamped inverter and H-bridges have been presented. In this topology, the neutral point clamped is used to supply the active power while the H-bridges operate as filter, improving the voltage waveform quality by only handling the reactive power. The analogy between the H-bridge and selective harmonic elimination is used to develop a strategy for the harmonic compensation of the neutral point clamped output voltage. This simplifies the current control scheme and increases its bandwidth. The addition of the H bridge is not intended to increase the power rating of the overall inverter. The power quality of the neutral point clamped bridge is improved.