Background: Linezolid, a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic, is effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. However, prolonged use is associated with mitochondrial toxicity and lactic acidosis. Predictive modeling can enhance risk assessment and support therapeutic drug monitoring. Objective: This study evaluates various PK/PD models to describe lactate elevation associated with linezolid therapy. Both simulated and clinical data were used to fit four mathematical models: Emax, piecewise linear, log-linear, and AUC-based. The goal is to assist clinicians in optimizing dosing strategies and anticipating potential toxicity. Methods: Simulated linezolid concentration data (0–15 mg/L) were used to construct models in Python, employing NumPy for computations and Matplotlib for visualization. Each model was fitted to time-series lactate data extracted from a published clinical case report. Key parameters—such as EC₅₀, Hill coefficient, and exposure thresholds—were estimated to evaluate model performance. Results: The Emax model captured threshold-like lactate dynamics, closely reflecting the onset of clinical lactic acidosis. The log-linear model showed a smooth, progressive increase in lactate and remained robust across all time points. The piecewise linear model offered interpretability but lacked physiological realism. The AUC-based model reflected cumulative exposure effects and was suitable for long-term monitoring, though less sensitive in early phases. Conclusion: The Emax model provided the best fit for abrupt lactate elevation, while the log-linear model offered a balance between predictive accuracy and clinical utility. These models support individualized dosing strategies for at-risk patients undergoing prolonged linezolid therapy. Further validation in clinical cohorts is recommended.

We witness more and more often a diversification of the elements of underground economy, as potentiated by the effects of the global economic crisis. If in the previous years we have witnessed manifestations related to tax evasion, gambling or bribery, nowadays the aspects of the underground economy are represented by organizing criminal activities after the model of legal businesses (reception, production, transport, recovery, protection sectors) and white-collar crime. Sometimes these activities of organized crime surpass the capacity of the state to limit them as the specialists in the tax and legal areas prefer to offer their services to private employers who afford to pay them more than the state. Last but not least the globalization has created conditions in which money, weapons or human trafficking runs optimally between international groups of organized crime through the easy access to international networks of data or transport. Moreover, organized crime groups became focused on the control of financial institutions or banks, under the cover of which they could transfer huge amounts of money. In this respect, it appears that besides its positive features, globalization has created an environment in which organized crime groups have easily extended beyond state borders becoming real transnational crime industries.

Women are faced with integrated multiple roles of wife, mother and employee, it is likely the patterns and dynamics of family relationships will be impacted. Women have entered a new paradigm that necessitates the mastery and successful co-ordination of additional and unfamiliar roles. The present article shows cases the mentioned antecedents namely job autonomy and job involvement on the consequence of turnover directly and indirectly with job satisfaction as a moderator intention of the employees. The findings and the outcomes of the study is being derived using various statistical techniques.

For the next generation of technologies to deliver value in healthcare, designing the desired future is imperative. Judging by the current position and trends in healthcare, it is evident that in the future, expectations of citizens and patients will be increased. They want to understand their conditions clearly and become an active partner in their medical decisions. Therefore they will need a convenient platform to support their healthcare needs. The widespread use of mobile devices amongst people and increasing mobile applications both are the main causes of the new and recent developments in e-health. This paper is presented a road map for implementing of m-services and measuring the performance of it by PDCA approach. First , the future of healthcare trends and their risks are investigated and the current situation and challenges of the healthcare system in Iran, is presented. In response to these challenges, a novel roadmap is proposed in order to provide the appropriate m-services based on technology improvement, by considering m-government maturity models. As a case study, this roadmap is used for m-services delivery to diabetic patients. At the end, a performance management indexes is presented for evaluating the performance of m-health system with combining IT-BSC and COBIT. This model can be utilized as a roadmap for businesses that intend to deliver mobile end to end services.

The major environmental risks associated with soil and eventually crops or ground waters contamination by treated wastewater (TWW) application are due to its chemical composition. For this purpose, we have carried out an experiment with three small parcels irrigated with TWW and three others irrigated with freshwater (FW) in an irrigated area at north of Tunisia. The chemical properties of soil before and after being cultivated by corn crop were followed. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, 90-120 and 120-150 cm and were analyzed for pH, EC, SAR, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb and Ni. The results showed that TWW irrigation increased significantly (P≤0.05) the soil EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SAR, Cu, Cd and Ni but not significant (P≤0.05) effect was shown for the soil pH, Zn, Co et Pb as compared with fresh water(FW) and control soil. The accumulation of EC, Na, Cl, SAR, Zn and Co increases with the soil depth. While no significant effect of depth were observed for K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Pb and Ni. It was, also, shown that accumulation of these elements in the soil decreased significantly in the FW treatment as compared to the control.

Microarray data studies produce large number of data and in order to analyze such large micro array data lies on Data mining or Statistical Analysis. Our objective is to classify the micro array gene expression data. Usually before going for the classification the dimensionality reduction will be performed on the micro array gene expression dataset. A statistical approach for the extraction of the gene has been proposed. The drawback in the statistical analysis is that, it doesn’t identify the important genes. Here for the classification process we use k-nearest neighbor and SVM and Naïve Bayesian classifiers. From the experimental result our proposed classifiers show increase in the efficiency and accuracy.

The disease Phytophthora crown and root rot consist of the most important problems in cherry cultivation. In this study, the relative resistance of 5 selected genotypes Mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L) dwarf including 24, 100, 155, 136 and 268 to Phytophthora citrophthora (smith et smith Leonian) and Phytophthora citricola (Sawada) were evaluated by using excised twig assay, excised shoot method and soil inoculation method with perlite infested with Phytophthora mycelium. The Mahaleb genotypes showed different susceptibility to Phytophthora citrophthora. 155 genotypes was the least susceptible and 268 and 24 genotypes were the most susceptible, which suggests that the latter genotypes are unsuitable for orchards in which the conditions are favorable for Phytophthora diseases. 100 and 136 were moderately susceptible. The plants that were inoculated with Ph. citricola in the glasshouse and in vitro showed that 155 were the most resistant, 24 and 268 were the most susceptible, 136 and 100 were moderately resistant. The present results demonstrate 155 genotypes was resistant to Ph.citrophthora and Ph. citricola and P. citricola less virulent than P. citrophthora.

Highly dependence of today’s agriculture to chemical herbicide causes different environmental effects and scientists search for finding alternative methods for weed management. This experiment was conducted in order to use of allelopathic extract of sorghum, sunflower, sugarbeet and safflower for weed management in wheatat Fars provine, Iran. The experiment consisted of aqueous extract of mentioned plants with reduced dose of granstar, illoxan and 2,4-D herbicides (half of recommended dose) which applied post emergence in Completely Randomized Blocks Design. The results showed that use of aqueous extract solely reduced number and dry weight of weeds and increased wheat yield and yield components. Application of 10 L/ha aqueous extract solely causes 17.8% increase in wheat yield in comparison to weedy control. Use of aqueous with reduced dose of herbicides caused a good control of weed and increasing wheat yield. Overall the results showed that 10 L/ha of allelopathic plants extracts with reduced dose of wheat herbicides can be recommended for good weed control and reducing herbicide application in wheat.

In order to study the quality of Alnus subcordata trees diameter at breast height (D.B.H) distribution in Iran’s north forests a stand with one hectare measurement and 201 trees as a random selection sample had been selected and the diameter of all trees was measured. The under study stand had trees in all diameter classes and they were healthy enough. According to the existing studies and experiences and comparing the real amounts with some statistical models in order to fit these trees diameter Gamma(2p) distribution,Gamma (3p) distribution,chi-square(2p), Error, Dagum (3p), Normal, Johnson SB, Gen.Extreme value and Logistic distributions were applied. The results from Kolmogrof-Smirnov, (k.s), Anderson-Darling(A.D) and chi-square tests at the probability level of 5% showed that Dagum(3p) statistical distribution is the most appropriate model in order to fit Alnus subcordata trees diameter in the under study area . The mean and the standard deviation of these trees in order are 47/85 cm and 24/83 cm.

Regarding the development of the cities and increasing human’s interference in natural sources, evaluation of appearance has been set forth as the most outstanding strategy to reach stable development which is one of the basic considerations in treating with natural environment especially in tourism industry, recreation and making environmental qualities. So it is necessary to preserve, manage and design these landscapes regarding visual quality to determine degree, kind and method of interfering. Regarding that the main factors in creating such attractive environments as ideal landscape to produce a degree of echoing beauty are the factors of time and movement in environment, so with looking at practice environment of Urban planning in four dimensions and considering time as the fourth one, effectiveness of this issue in methods of environment understanding, the importance of places during the time, endurance and adaptability become very clear in the process of Urban planning in practice. The present study considers the issue of beauty quality through compiling the criteria, evaluation and assessment based on time dimension in city vision which is formed based on vision and understanding of the viewer in space grounded on person’s movement and formation of consequent perspectives and their mental understanding. Certainly it represents a method to evaluate city vision qualitatively to reach Urban planning goals which includes psychology, sociology and art. The main purpose of the study is reaching to the concept of beauty in city perspective and giving the perspectives the feeling of place and making relationship with beauty quality in city space. First we consider the related concepts and then through extracting a set of criteria resulted from visual-perceptive analysis, we explain them in the form of evaluation tables and finally planning strategies and solutions are presented in the form of pre-planning.

It is impossible for companies to achieve success and preserve it via traditional methods. Today, managers cannot make decisions based on a series of fixed rules, traditional policies and simple conclusions. They need to consider new policies and strategies at the time of planning and determining corporate objectives. Therefore, balanced scorecard model (BSC) is a new attitude for implementing strategies in organizations. This model measures organizations’ motivations and determines the indexes which need to be assessed and the actions which need to be considered. This paper studies how to use this new attitude based on a dynamic and providential mind for arriving at strategic management. The results show that BSC model is the best strategic management method and lets organizations be creative and innovative and also try actively for the future of organization.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was developed to detect antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in bovine sera. This study was done by utilizing NDAL strain of BVDV and MDBK cell line as antigen. The home-made ELISA system was developed and the results of total 99 sera involve field sera and used sera for biological production were compared with a commercial ELISA kit. Result showed a high reproducibility. According to this study sensitivity, specificity was 88% and 53%. Agreement for field sera and used sera for biological production were 49% and 93%. The results, where costs are issue and the absence of more commercial diagnostic test in developing countries, indicate that in house ELISA system can be valuable for use in primary screening and select suitable sera for biological product.