Non-Ignorable missing values are often a great challenge for data mining analysts. Imputation of such missing values requires models which vary depending on the dataset and distribution of values within the dataset. Statistical techniques should be implemented on the outcome of the model to impute the values. The paper proposes a new algorithm called Bayesian Genetic Algorithm (BAGEL) which combines both Bayesian principles and Genetic Algorithm. The model is created by the Bayesian method using the available values and it drives the Genetic Algorithm to find the most suited value to be substituted for missing value. BAGEL is implemented on real datasets and the results are reported in this paper. It is found that BAGEL imputes both discrete and continuous missing values with more accuracy than other existing methods at different missing rates ranging from 5% to 50%.

Introduction: Unfortunately abdominal pain definition with characteristics of biliary colic is still unclear. In addition, classic characteristics of biliary pain are uncommon in patients and common symptoms are often vague; these ambiguous and atypical symptoms including indigestion and dyspepsia have little chance for recovery after Cholecystectomy. Helicobacter Pylori was found in patients with dyspepsia. Because symptoms in Helicobacter Pylori infection and gallbladder stone disease, especially atypical gallstone symptoms are the same and there is a low probability of cure in atypical symptom after cholecystectomy; The propose of this study is to investigate Helicobacter Pylori prevalence in symptomatic gallstone patient; and to show that symptoms that are attributed to gallstone can be caused by Helicobacter Pylori so it may reduce unnecessary operations which can cause complication, morbidity and costs. Methods: The method of this study was case-control. Cases were selected from patients with symptomatic gallstone that were diagnosed by sonography and were candidate for elective cholecystectomy in surgery ward. People who were referred to emergency trauma ward selected as control and sonography confirmed that they had not gallstone. Blood samples were taken and IgG antibody with ELISA method was measured. Case and control groups were analyzed for positive result. Cases and controls with history for H. Pylori treatment were excluded from study. Results: 35 patients (9 male, 26 female) were enrolled in case group and 35 patients (16 male, 19 female) in control group. 22 cases (68.8%) and 10 controls (31.2%) had IgG anti H. Pylori. There was significant difference in comparison of two groups (P value = 0.004). Conclusion: Patients with gallstone in sonography that presented with atypical symptoms should be aware of H. Pylori related dyspepsia. We must explain them that their symptoms may be retained after cholecystectomy. Relationship between H. Pylori and gallstone can support the role of H. Pylori in gallstone pathogenesis.

ICT is an important channel for knowledge, political awareness, making consciousness, understanding and guiding citizens, political and social forces and groups. ICT causes developing of transparency, government accountability and reducing corruption. E-Government uses ICT for the development of more efficient and more economical government. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of ICT on the quality of governance in selected middle-and high-income countries by using the generalized moment’s method. Results show that ICT has a significant positive impact on governance quality in selected countries of the period 1996 – 2010.

Different stock markets are interrelated due to the common fundamentals which influence the movement in the respective indices. Using daily stock returns from 2000 to 2010 for 21 countries paired with Pakistan, and using the Geweke methodology, the paper investigates the degree to which these stock markets are integrated with the Pakistani stock market. The paper also explores the factors that have an effect on the level of economic integration by applying fixed effect model. The result demonstrates statistically significant and high percentage of contemporaneous association between the 21 economies of the world and Pakistan. Greater comovement was observed between the equity markets during the period when Pakistani capital market and economy experience performance but less comovement was noted when KSE was under crises. In broad, an elevated export share by other economies to Pakistan has good impact on stock market comovement as well as a larger difference in inflation rates, has an inverse effect on stock market comovement between pairs of countries. On the other hand volatility in bilateral exchange rate also influences stock market comovement.