The purpose of this research is to study the effects of organizational ethical culture in auditor’s behaviour. Four hypotheses were given to examine the auditors’ behaviour. The standard questionnaire was used to study the hypotheses. The statistical population includes in-charge auditors. The results of the research show that the auditors’ perception of the organization’s ethical culture has no effect on their behaviour. Also, on the basis of the findings, the auditors’ perception of the organization’s ethical culture and their personal characteristics do not lead to the increase in the audit quality due to their dysfunctional behaviour. Since the improvement in the ethical culture of the organization leads to the increase in the audit quality, it can be concluded that the improvement in the auditors’ perception of the organization’s ethical culture is an important step towards the promotion of the audit profession and it should be taken into consideration by the managers and partners of the organization.

Studies were carried out to find out the toxicity of four chemical insecticides viz. commando (97% DF), confidor (20% SL), lannate (40% SP), actara (25 WG) and neem oil at various concentrations against the larvae of C. carnea, adults of B. suturalis and A. bambawalei through residual contact under laboratory conditions. All the four tested insecticides caused significant mortality of the beneficial bio-control agents of P. solenopsis. According to the measured values commando was the highly toxic and actara was moderately toxic insecticide to tested bio-control agents of P. solenopsis. Neem oil was found to be harmless to larvae of C. carnea (LC50 = 247.06 ml.L-1) and adults of B. suturalis (LC50 =144.35 ml.L-1) but slightly harmful to adults of A. bambawalei at higher doses. Interestingly, A. bambawalei males (LC50 = 22.19 ml.L-1) were more susceptible to neem oil than females (LC50 =33.82 ml.L-1). Based on LC50 values it was concluded that neem oil is safe to the bio-control agents of P. solenopsis and can be used in compatible with integrated pest management programs.

Telemedicine and healthcare infrastructure depends on Hospital Information Systems (HIS), Radiology Information Systems (RIS),Picture archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) as these provide new ways to store, access and distribute medical data . It increases the security. Equally, these developments have introduced new risks for unsuitable deployment of medical information flowing in open networks, provided the effortlessness with which digital content can be manipulated. It is renowned that the integrity and confidentiality of medical data is a serious topic for ethical and legal reasons. Medical images need to be kept intact in any condition and prior to any operation as well need to be checked for integrity and verification. Watermarking is a emerging technology that is capable of assisting this aim. In recent times, frequency domain watermarking algorithms have gained immense importance due to their widespread use. This paper describes an effective frequency domain watermarking scheme for verifying the integrity and authenticity of medical images. The proposed watermarking scheme makes use of hybrid transform, which combines Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Initially, the original image is decomposed using hybrid transform. Consequently, the watermark embedding and extraction are performed in frequency domain using the above mentioned scheme. The proposed watermarking scheme, the watermark extraction compared with the original image for calculating SSIM. The effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme is demonstrated with the aid of experimental results.

The side effects of NSAIDs concern the public, the government and pharmaceutical companies. NSAIDs act as inhibitors of cyclooxygenases which are the major cause of pain and inflammation in our body. However the inhibition of cyclooxygenases could divert arachidonic acid metabolism towards the lipoxygenase pathway leading to other forms of inflammation and tissue damage. Hence a common inhibitor that could block the action of both cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenase is of interest to medicinal chemistry research. Further, the inhibition of both cyclooxygenases-1 and 2 would result in more side effects since blocking the action of cyclooxygenase-1 would cause gastrointestinal disturbance. Therefore there is a need to find an inhibitor that acts on cyclooxygenase-2 and lipooxygenase without disturbing the action of cyclooxygenase-1. A molecular docking study with eight lipid ligands is conducted to find the common and selective inhibitors of these three enzymes. Docking with extra precision mode and standard precision mode is performed to find the suitable docking method using the Glide software tool. Docking with extra precision mode yielded better results than with standard precision mode. Docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 2-arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide are identified as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenase. Tocotrienols are shown to be selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2 and lipoxygenase. Interestingly these lipid ligands have shown stronger binding than arachidonic acid which is the endogenous substrate for these enzymes. The docking results are validated using a receiver operator characteristic curve.

Caching is the well established technique to improve the efficiency of data access. In this proposal was developed a Hybrid and Adaptive Caching (HAC) approach to cache the data item based on the varying size and Time-to-Live (TTL) based invalidation of the data item in a mobile computing environment. Mobile nodes establish single-hop communication with the base station and ad hoc peer to peer communication with other neighbour nodes in the network to access data items. The proposed work adjusts the caching functionality level based on the size of the data item and stores the cached data item in two different storage systems. The cache of each node is separated into Temporary Buffer (TB) and Permanent Buffer (PB) to improve the data access efficiency. This approach is based on the fact that the smaller size data (e.g. stocks) is updated for shorter Time-to-Live (TTL) whereas the larger size data (e.g. video) is updated only for longer TTL. This proposed work also suggests an adaptive cache replacement and cache invalidation technique to resolve the issues regarding bandwidth utilization and data availability. In cache replacement technique, the cached data item is effectively replaces based on the size of the data item and TTL value. We propose a timestamp-based cache invalidation strategy where the cached data is validated according to the update history of the data item. The threshold values have greater impact on the system performance. Therefore, the threshold values are fine tuned such that it does not affect the system performance. The proposed approaches significantly improve the query latency; cache hit ratio and efficiently utilize the broadcast bandwidth. The simulation result proves that the proposed work outperforms the existing caching techniques.

This paper presents some connectionist models that are widely used to solve NP-problems. Most well known numeric models are Neural Networks that are able to approximate any function or classify any pattern set provided numeric information is injected into the net. Neural Nets usually have a supervised or unsupervised learning stage in order to perform desired response. Concerning symbolic information new research area has been developed, inspired by George Paun, called Membrane Systems. A step forward, in a similar Neural Network architecture, was done to obtain Networks of Evolutionary Processors (NEP). A NEP is a set of processors connected by a graph, each processor only deals with symbolic information using rules. In short, objects in processors can evolve and pass through processors until a stable conjuration is reach. This paper shows some ideas about these two models and how to incorporate a learning stage, based on self-organizing algorithms, in networks of evolutionary processors

Reactive oxygen species are involved in many of the angiotensin II signaling pathways. So we have thus investigated whether the Aliskiren as a potent renin inhibitor, can inhibit the accelerated renal fibrosis and excess oxidative stress, which occurs after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rat. Aliskiren (ALK) is a potent inhibitor and non-peptide renin enzyme in humans and mice which is effective in reducing diabetic nephropathies complications and oxidative stress Process (in the form of reducing the glomerular around sclerosis interstitial fibrosis and also proteinuria). This experimental study was performed on 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals in control group, received medicine solvent for 15 days orally. In the second group (UUO) after unilateral ureteral obstruction animals received medicine solvent for 15 days daily. In The third group (UUO+ALK) animals after unilateral ureteral obstruction, received Aliskiren daily for fifteen days. In fourth (shame) and fifth (sham/ALK) groups, animals underwent surgery as second and third group but without urethral obstruction. Also in fourth group medicine solvent and in fifth group Aliskiren were used. In this study it was recognized that Aliskiren could significantly improves renal function via reducing BUN serum and blood creatinine levels and also on the other hand it could reduces histopathological lesions such as tubular and glomerular damages. The results indicated that recovering effects induced by using Aliskiren on renal lesions causes unilateral ureteral obstruction.