Athletes are so sensitive to lose their physical fitness. It\'s not because athletes can understand pain better than normal people, the body of athletes\' works in a harmonic manner that the smallest distractive factor would be recognized at once, it is clear that this factor should be recognized and modified as soon as possible.\nThe aim of this study was the Relation between spinal column curves with Vo2max of horse riders and weightlifters. Elite athlete ranging from 18-29 participated in research tests. All measurements were taken in one phase. To analyze the finding, SPSS software and descriptive statistical methods were used. Then, the results, by using the t-test and Pearson correlational coefficient, were investigated as two extremes (α=0.05). The results of correlation showed that there is no meaningful relationship between functionally hyper Lordosis and hyper kyphosis of spinal column of the athletes with vo2max in these two sport fields. It appears that training and other features have more potential effect than body composition and spinal column curves on vo2max.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sagittal thoracic and lumbar spinal curvatures in elite and master weightlifter and horse rider when standing on the floor. A total of 30 elite male weightlifter (mean age: 23.07 ± 4.38 years) and 30 master male horse rider (mean age: 23.10 ± 3.05 years) were evaluated. The Delmas index was used to measure sagittal thoracic and lumbar curvature in standing position on the floor. The mean values for Delmas index in the standing position on the floor were 95.30±3.89 for elite male weightlifter and 95.87±3.18 for elite male horse rider. The results showed that there is no difference between hyper Lordosis and hyper kyphosis of spinal column of the elite and master weightlifter and horse rider. It appears that training hasn’t more potential effect on spinal column curves. So, hyper Lordosis and hyper kyphosis of spinal column is not directly related to positions adopted on the weightlifting and horse riding.

In the last decades, the number of patent applications has significantly increased, but with regional variations according to the specific development conditions. The study of the determinant factors of patent applications by countries could offer useful information for the evaluation of the degree of competitiveness in order to take decisions for regional development. The purpose of this research work is to achieve a description of patent applications evolution in order to evaluate the effects caused by a series of determinant factors. For this, the authors studied the patent applications and determinant factors of innovation from 40 countries, in the time period 1963-2010. The analysis was made using variance analysis (ANOVA) and panel analysis in statistical software R. The data used are taken from different databases available on the websites of national government agencies and institutions. \nThe results obtained showed that, between continents and between time periods there are significant differences of the mean number of patent applications. The determinant factors with a significant impact on patents applications number are Gross Domestic Product per employed person and the number of education years.

Every elucidation for today’s quandary has been achieved in an easier prospect, with due respect to the experience gained by a normal man. The engineers too look out for the better way in the development cycle of software apart from its traditional approach. Software, being implemented in almost every machine, is in the urge of being developed with many improvisation techniques but obeying the time and cost constrains. Adding to the available simplifications methodologies in the development phases, the proposed Intelligent risk analysis model (IRAM) would abridge the limitations of an object oriented program developed for a new software product showing betterments in time and budget needed. An object oriented program would comprise of individual and exclusive objects with indicated functionalities. Recognizing the usage of the objects in the existing programs would eliminate the necessity of a new coding, thus the component could be reused if it cannot be designated any better. This methodology does a primary verification whether there are any components which match with the stated requirements in the database of programs (E.g. C++, Java, Perl and Python). Based on the analysis of the matched component, it is categorized into Exact Match (EM), Partial Match (PM) or the Rejected match (RM) which denotes its chances of applicability into the new product. This analysis of the correspondence in the reused object depends on the defined four parameters tuple namely Expected Language (EL), Module Description (MD), Argument Description (AD) and the Usage Threshold (UT). The component that matches exactly EM can be directly incorporated into the new software product whereas if the component falls into the other category PM then it is subjected to additional tests, Rank(R) is allotted, Intelligent Report is prepared and measures for its updating as an EM are taken. The RM component is eliminated from the list of possible outcomes at once.

Ethylene Glycol (EG) is one of toxic and hazardous materials that was used in many industries such as; synthetic fibers, films, antifreeze, resins, explosives, fibers, paper, leather, protective coatings, printing inks and textile. Many environmental problems such as: negative effects on aquatic life, destruction of aquatic ecosystems, soil pollution, reducing the oxygen level in the water absorption through skin contact, brain damages, damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS) and joints, eye damage, toxicity, etc., have been reported related with EG. In this study, ozone as an advanced oxidation method was used for the treatment of EG containing wastewaters. For this purpose, the impact of contact time and pH variations on EG removal by ozonation at two level including low and high concentration (low= 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and high=500, 750, 1000, 1500 mg/L) were examined. An EG removal kinetic analysis was determined based on removal rates via several ozonation times. At concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mg/L after 180 minutes, removal of EG were achieved 93.31, 89.96, and 85.01 % respectively. Increasing pH has a direct impact on system efficiency and maximum efficiency corresponds to a concentration of 1500 mg/L 20.26 % was observed. Very good correlation coefficients at this kinetic study at all concentrations, investigated that EG removal will follow the first-order kinetics. Increasing and decreasing pH has a dramatic effect on the efficiency of the system, so that the efficiency increases significantly at alkaline pH. According to the results ozone system can be an excellent option for EG containing wastewater treatment.

The potential ignition that intrigues most researchers about the Riemann zeta hypothesis is the ability to employ different approaches with intuitive mindset to some very interesting results. Motivated by their style of reasoning, we obtain in this work some refinements of Riemann zeta function in different forms by employing different techniques on two functional equations. Our results are better, simpler and concise new representations of Riemann zeta function, thus extending the recent results of Enoch (2012) which itself is a generalization of many other result in this area.