This study investigates the presence and characteristics of aromatic stimulants in commercially available e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes. By employing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we identified and quantified a wide range of flavoring compounds, including menthols, esters, aldehydes, and synthetic cooling agents. The findings reveal significant variability in the concentration and composition of these substances, some of which exhibit pharmacological or irritant effects. Our analysis highlights the potential health implications of inhaling such compounds, particularly in chronic users, and calls for more rigorous regulation and transparency in labeling practices. This research contributes to a better understanding of the chemical complexity of e-liquids and the need for further toxicological evaluation of flavoring additives commonly perceived as safe.

Botanicals, derived from plant sources and long used in traditional medicine, food, and cosmetics, remain a subject of both fascination and scientific ambiguity. This article explores the multifaceted nature of botanicals, examining their complex chemical compositions, diverse biological activities, and cultural significance. Despite their widespread use, many botanicals are poorly characterized, and their mechanisms of action often remain elusive. Through a critical analysis of recent research and regulatory developments, we highlight the challenges in standardization, safety assessment, and efficacy validation of botanical products. The article underscores the need for integrative approaches combining ethnobotany, pharmacology, and modern analytical techniques to unravel the “mystery” surrounding botanicals and to harness their full potential responsibly.

Melatonin-containing food supplements have gained significant popularity for their perceived benefits in promoting sleep and regulating circadian rhythms. However, growing scrutiny from health authorities and regulatory bodies has raised concerns about their safety, efficacy, and marketing practices. This article reviews recent critical statements and assessments issued by European and international agencies regarding the use of melatonin in over-the-counter supplements. Key issues include dosage variability, potential side effects, misleading health claims, and insufficient clinical evidence supporting long-term use. The analysis underscores the regulatory inconsistencies across countries and highlights the need for clearer guidelines to protect consumers. As scientific debate continues to evolve, this article calls for more rigorous research and harmonized oversight to ensure the responsible use of melatonin in the food supplement market.

Heartworm infestation is a disease in continuous geographic expansion. New cases are signaled each year in different countries, both in humans and dogs. This is a case report of a 45 kg, 10 year old, male, Argentinian Dog presented to consultation with pyuria and urinary incontinence. All blood and urinary analyses were made, and the results showed at microscopy examination of the blood smear microfilaria without any renal and hepatic functional abnormalities in biochemistry analyses. Urine cytological examinations detected small quantity of hemoglobin with pyuria, cristaluria, bacteriuria and cells from the wall of the bladder and microfilaria. The imagistic and functional kidney status did not show any indices to suspect renal failure. Because of that, we consider that the presence of microfilariuria may be explained only if we take in count the transparietal migration. To the authors knowledge this is the first report in literature in which an ectopic (urinary) presence of microfilaria is seen in the absence of a concomitant renal failure.

This study concerns experimental activities at in fine arts schools involving health and safety risks for artists, teachers and students, especially those carried out in the studios located in educational institutions. The project initially intends to promote quality research on issues concerning health safety and environment sustainable procedures, art materials and products; this includes products use and handling, recycling and waste management in art school studios and laboratories. Latter on, at a second stage, these findings would be made extensive to the art community. There is sufficient empirical evidence that a number of substances, products and materials frequently used in fine arts are either hazardous or suspected to be hazardous and can often cause health problems thus it becomes necessary to implement a health and safety and sustainable procedure to handle them.

The solar energy is a main renewable energy sources which can generates the power. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the relation of PV module with the load considering a way to control maximum power point tracking in PV module. The produced output energies present the load by PV module considering the PV module. The present study relates to MPP (maximum power point) method regarding DC-DC power convertor attempts to use MPPT algorithm with respect to the changes of sun temperature. MPPT algorithm has been used since it has a simple performance and is a quick method to estimate the maximum power point. Based on voltage-based maximum power point tracker (VMPPT), PV open circuit voltage is estimated on line and then the maximum power point is estimated in PV and the power is continuously synchronized. PV module and DC-DC converter and maximum power point tracking are modeled and simulated in this study.