The copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene resides on chromosome 21 and is over expressed in Down syndrome patients. Reactive oxygen species can initiate lipid peroxidation and DNA damage leading to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and cell death, if the antioxidant system is impaired. Down syndrome is associated with various forms of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism being the most common. The additive effects of both co-morbid conditions lead to further amplification of the clinical problems in the children with Down syndrome. The present work aimed to study the changes in the quantitative in vitro activities of the antioxidant enzymes – glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the erythrocyte and thyroid stimulating hormone level of the study group. This study group included both Down syndrome patients and age, sex matched healthy controls. We found significant increase in the activities of both glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and thyroid stimulating hormone level in patients as compared with healthy controls. This study has revealed that increased antioxidant enzymes activity and thyroid stimulating hormone level are the three significant indicators of Down syndrome patients.

Manufacturing and productive service industries such as urban recreation and leisure industry have contributed to capital generation during past several decades. Modernism era (19th to middle of 20th centuries) had many conceptual and symbolic differences compared to present atmosphere known as postmodern era. \nMetropolitan areas were historically recognized by the “brands” of their manufacturing industries up to the middle of 20th century. Former city functions have been replaced by new ones and urban spaces are now organized based on social and economic changes that occurred during postmodern era. Among spaces that extensively increase public consumption, create employment, and promote urban living are spaces created to provide recreational, leisure, training, and tourism services. \nPresent amusement parks are multifunctional and provide cultural, economic, and social functions. These parks provide pre and post relations various industries that supply product and services to Metropolitan areas including large industrial producers of amusement park equipments, consulting and construction companies, transport industry, and other productive service industries providing design, consulting, insurance, banking, travel, and other similar services.\nAmusement parks produce extensive social and cultural impacts. Large theme parks have turned into “global villages” that act as a crossroad for different social strata, civilizations, and nations. \nIran 1404 Outlook Document has put priority on improvement of social justice in all economic, social, and cultural programs. This document has highlighted infrastructure development for macro programming. In compliance with the directives of this document, Tehran Municipality has undertaken to construct one of the largest social and cultural projects with the participation of private sector. This huge project is named “Hezar-o-Yek Shahr” recreational complex. This complex is planned over 150,000 hectares and incorporates Islamic and Iranian cultural and architectural characteristics in its construction. “Hezar O Yek Shahr” is intended to become the focal point and serve as a model for optimization of economic, social, and cultural functions for residents of Tehran metropolitan area. \nPresent study is a practical research based on its objectives. Research methodology is analytic-descriptive. The findings of this research confirmed the effectiveness of social oriented projects in improving living quality and enrichment of leisure time subject to effective management and monitoring.

Abstract. – OBJECTIVES: The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin limits its clinical use in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and malignant hematologic disease. Although the mechanism by which it causes cardiac injury is not yet known, apoptosis has been regarded as one of mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin. In the present study, we investigates the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by NF-κB dependant PUMA upregulation.\nMATEERIALS AND METHODS: H9c2 cardiac myocytes was treated with 5-50uM concentration of doxorubicin for 72 hours. p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA was transfected into H9c2 cardiac myocytes ,then treated with 50 uM doxorubicin for 72 hours. Apoptotic cells were detected using Flow cytometric analysis. MTT cytotoxicity test was used to detect the effect of doxorubicin on H9c2 cardiac myocytes.PUMA expression was detected by western blot assay. NF-kappaB binding activities was detected using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). \nRESULTS: Doxorubicin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in H9c2 cardiac myocytes in a dose and time-dependent way.Doxorubicin treatment increased NF-kappaB binding activities and PUMA expression. Inhibition of p65 by p65 siRNA decreased PUMA expression of doxorubicin-induced.Furthermore, p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA-mediated suppression of p65 or PUMA results in inhibition of apoptosis of doxorubicin-induced. \nCONCLUSIONS: It is demonstrated that PUMA is a direct target of NF-κB and mediates doxorubicin -induced apoptosis in vitro .

Abstract. – OBJECTIVES: The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin limits its clinical use in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and malignant hematologic disease. Although the mechanism by which it causes cardiac injury is not yet known, apoptosis has been regarded as one of mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin. In the present study, we investigates the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by NF-κB dependant PUMA upregulation.\nMATEERIALS AND METHODS: H9c2 cardiac myocytes was treated with 5-50uM concentration of doxorubicin for 72 hours. p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA was transfected into H9c2 cardiac myocytes ,then treated with 50 uM doxorubicin for 72 hours. Apoptotic cells were detected using Flow cytometric analysis. MTT cytotoxicity test was used to detect the effect of doxorubicin on H9c2 cardiac myocytes.PUMA expression was detected by western blot assay. NF-kappaB binding activities was detected using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). \nRESULTS: Doxorubicin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in H9c2 cardiac myocytes in a dose and time-dependent way.Doxorubicin treatment increased NF-kappaB binding activities and PUMA expression. Inhibition of p65 by p65 siRNA decreased PUMA expression of doxorubicin-induced.Furthermore, p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA-mediated suppression of p65 or PUMA results in inhibition of apoptosis of doxorubicin-induced. \nCONCLUSIONS: It is demonstrated that PUMA is a direct target of NF-κB and mediates doxorubicin -induced apoptosis in vitro .

Regarding the importance of the application of Information Technology and databases in learning promotion and academic success of students, the question being raised in current study is that what factors affect the application of databases by students. This is an applied research of descriptive kind. Since the author is seeking for identification of the relationship between these factors and use of Information Technology, this research is a correlation type. Data collection was performed by field studies and questionnaires. Formal validity showed validity of the questionnaire and reliability of measurement tools was proved by Chronbach Alpha coefficient in order to determine validity coefficient. The value for Chronbach Alpha calculated for current research was 0.951. Statistical community includes all students at Payam-e-Noor University of Mashhad, the number of whom is 517 according to a list provided by the university authorities. Based on sampling formula, the sample size is 200 people. Sampling method is hierarchical random. For hypothesis testing, regression analysis test and parametric t-tests and variance analysis were used. Finally, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among the degree of application of databases by students, their skills and economic and technical factors. But there is no significant relationship between economic and environmental factors and application of information technology.

This paper studies the status of organizational commitment and its impact on occupational identity among the Ilam province Welfare Organization employees. The goal is to use this information in different human resource management scopes. The research is studied on the real case of all employees of Ilam province Welfare Organization, including formal, contractual and hourly employed personnel with total 738 personnel. Among the all employees 180 personnel are selected based on the Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method. The questionnaires, after validity and reliability approvals, are derived and interpreted by SPSS and descriptive-analytical tables, respectively. Results of tests indicated that there is a significant relationship between organizational commitment and occupational identity. It is proved that people with achieved identity have the highest organizational commitment and conversely people with diffused identity have the lowest. But, no significant relationship has found among variables interactions except the relation between occupational identity status and organizational commitment among high experienced employees.

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Cluster Head Selection is considered a gigantic challenge. In wireless sensor network LEACH protocol can be used to select cluster head on the bases of energy, but it’s still a dispute and required efficient when WSN becomes more scalable and divided into number of clusters. In this paper we proposed an A Probabilistic Approach for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in Sensor Network, for selection the cluster head efficiently in WSN. The proposed (PAECHS) algorithm is continuity of our previously work X-AODV, We evaluate our proposed algorithm through simulation in OMNet++ as well as on test bed; we experience the result according to our assumption. For further evaluation we also compare our proposed protocol X-AODV with several other protocols like LEACH, LEACH-C and consequences shows perfection.