Vaccination is a simple and effective method to prevent infectious diseases. Today, especially children, are getting exposed to vaccines. Almost every country has a childhood vaccination calendar that is planned according to their characteristics, and vaccinations are applied during childhood within the scope of preventive health services. It is difficult to catch a period that does not coincide with vaccination, especially in early childhood. Since both vaccines and anesthesia/surgery are effect on the immune system, the relationship between vaccine/anesthesia or vaccine/surgery is discussed.\n In this review, it is aimed to review the relationship between vaccination and anesthesia and surgical applications in children, in the light of the literature.
In this paper, for a semi-infinite optimization Problem (P), second order eta-approximated optimization problems (P_{0,2}), (P_{2,0}), (P_{1,2}, (P_{2,1}) and (P_{2,2}) are constructed . Some connections are established between the optimal solutions of these problems and optimal solutions of the original\nProblem (P).
Specific surface area (SSA) of powders can be determined using a fractal geometry by the relation SSA ~ xA^D*xV^−3*s^(2−D), where xA is the particle size with average surface area and the xV the particle size with average volume. Such relation respects nano, micro or macro irregularities on the surface. Within this theory the fractal dimension 2≤D<3 and scale parameter s (equals to the linear dimension of an interacting adsorbate molecule) play a significant role. The parameter D may be determined from BET or dissolution measurements on several samples changing the powder particle sizes or sizes of adsorbate molecules. To reach good accuracy of the SSA value, one must know the fractal dimension D very precisely. Standard uncertainty of this parameter on the level 0.02 contributes to the total standard uncertainty of the SSA value within ± 30%. In the end of the paper, a new equation for SSA, depending on term (2−D)*(s2–sBET)/sBET, where sBET and s2 are effective cross sectional diameters for BET and new adsorbates, was derived. The presented equations have good application potential.
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is the most important stone fruit crop in the world, and the bioactive compositions in fruit flesh have the properties in antioxidant capacity, diabetes, cancer, etc. In this study, Changes in fruit quality, content of bioactive compositions and antioxidant capacity were determined by spectrophotometer or GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer). The genes expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACCo) and Endo-Polygalacturonase (Endo-PG) was detected by qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). The results indicated that the fruit flesh firmness, total acidity (TA) and the content of total phenolics decreased, while the total soluble solids (TSS), ripening index (RI), and the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, Vitamin C and aroma volatiles increased with the fruit matured. Among of the 7 main components of aroma volatiles, the contents of trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol decreased, the contents of γ-dodecalactone, γ-decalactone, δ-decalactone, γ-hexalactone and γ-octalactone were accumulated significantly. The gene expression of ACCo and Endo-PG had variable changes but positive with most of bioactive compositions, and then promoted the antioxidant capacity during the fruit ripening. In conclusion, the gene expression of ACCo and Endo-PG had variable effects on the physiological and biochemical changes in peach fruit flesh. The present study would pave the way for the elucidation of the relationship between gene expression of ACCo and Endo-PG and changes in physiology and biochemistry.
By comprehensive definition, industrialization is a production paradigm consisting of those methods that by optimizing exploitation of equipment, facilities, and technology could improve resource consumption as well as labor usage. Actually, industrialization means not just prefabrication rather includes pre-assembly, modularization, and applying new technologies too in construction process. Industrialization is a process that by improving quality, construction time, and labor usage increases system output and optimizes exploitation of equipment, facilities, and technology. Therefore, we talk about those plants manufacturing all types of parts necessary for construction with the purpose of increasing, quality, cost, and output. Based on industrial method, construction parts are manufactured through single approach and standard in a centralized manner and finally become installed by mechanized approach. As necessary standards are defined in industrial method, medullar production could be possible and resource wasting would be decreased while manufacturing speed would be increased. Therefore, one of the \"complete industrial\" manufacturing primary prerequisites is to define construction standards based on regional and cultural characteristics, as well as human needs. The current article analyses each of technologies in two main areas of structure and architecture. The main elements of research are based on quality measurement in order to achieving mentioned purpose, finding distinct position for construction ability and exploitation of each technology in construction industry
Background: Chronic diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication in diabetes. Objective: To investigate the effects of 8-weeks pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Design: Randomized controlled trial .Methods: forty three patients (ages 40 to 60 years) with grade II diabetic foot ulcers were randomly assigned to the laser group or the placebo laser group. Patients in laser group received pulsed Nd:YAG laser (i.e. total energy 230-250 J) 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks plus standard medical treatment, placebo laser group received sham laser treatments plus standard medical treatment. Outcome measure: Wound surface area (WSA) was assessed for all patients at the beginning of the treatment (baseline), after 4 weeks (midpoint) and after 8 weeks. Results: The decrease in WSA after 4 and 8 weeks post treatment was significantly greater in the laser group (i.e., 4.40±0.61 cm2 and 0.89±0.58 cm2, respectively) as compared to the placebo group (i.e., 6.02±0.83 cm2 and 4.21±0.46 cm2, respectively) and the percentage % decrease in WSA after 4 and 8 weeks for laser group was 31 % and 79 % and 0.72% and 30% for the placebo laser group. Conclusion: Pulsed Nd:YAG laser combined with standard medical treatment decreases WSA for grade II diabetic foot ulcers.
This article studies application and obligation scopes of new industrial construction technology. For this purpose, library study was applied for searching national construction regulations series, national and valid international rules, handbooks, provable technical reports. In this way, the study gathered and presented necessary regulations, principles, and standards for design and executing these technologies, which are new in our country.
Industrialization is a process that by improving quality, construction time, and labor usage increases system output and optimizes exploitation of equipment, facilities, and technology. Therefore, we talk about those plants manufacturing all types of parts necessary for construction with the purpose of increasing, quality, cost, and output. Based on industrial method, construction parts are manufactured through single approach and standard in a centralized manner and finally become installed by mechanized approach. As necessary standards are defined in industrial method, medullar production could be possible and resource wasting would be decreased while manufacturing speed would be increased. Therefore, one of the \"complete industrial\" manufacturing primary prerequisites is to define construction standards based on regional and cultural characteristics, as well as human needs. The current article analyses each of technologies in two main areas of structure and architecture. The main elements of research are based on quality measurement in order to achieving mentioned purpose, finding distinct position for construction ability and exploitation of each technology in construction industry.
Recent advances in wireless technologies, infrastructure less, and flexibility have made Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) sufficient to provide the required Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia streams. To meet the application requirements, routing protocols need to interact with fast varying topology due to the highly available wireless devices and its possibility to move anywhere in the network. The unreliable network topology and the time varying channel capacity makes the scarcity of network resources and impact on QoS factors such as bandwidth, delay, packet loss, traffic, and throughput. To provide guarantees to the data delivery timeliness for multimedia streams, propose a Two Hop Based Directional Routing (THDR) over MANET environment. The THDR takes into account both the MANET characteristics and the requirements of real time multimedia streams. Each device employs two-hop information to take the routing decision to handle the communication-hole in the network topology. The estimation of delay and bandwidth relies on the network resources supports for the data delivery timeliness over widely varying network topology. In addition, it includes the benefits of network constraints and the mobility prediction to enhance the multimedia streams. The key contribution of the proposed THDR protocol is achieving the reliable data delivery through the combination of 2-hop information, hop-to-hop delay estimation, the node mobility direction, and resource allocation. The performance evaluation results show that THDR outperforms the existing protocols over multimedia streams.
Proxy caching of large multimedia objects has become increasingly important for on demand video streaming applications. Existing caching mechanisms cooperatively caches the multimedia objects among the proxy along with client peers to utilize the network resources in a reliable manner. However, the current proxy caching techniques meet several bottlenecks to achieve effective cache management for the large video streams under limited storage constraints. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective segment based caching mechanism that caches the large video streams as variable sized segments according to segment popularity. The proposed scheme is an Adaptive Popularity oriented Segment based Caching (APoSC) mechanism. First, this paper proposes Adaptive Chunk Size Segmentation (ACSS) approach to divide a media file into a number of variable size segments based on two significant factors such as video size and requested frequencies. Second, it proposes efficient two-level popularity oriented caching mechanism to cache the video segments cooperatively across the proxies and clients based on the segment popularity rather than whole video popularity. It leads to effective utilization of the limited storage under a large video size and also reduces the transmission cost. The proposed caching approach deploys well-organized segmentation and caching technique to achieve continuous and scalable media streaming service. Experimental evaluation illustrates that the proposed approach significantly improves the user satisfaction in terms of a high byte hit ratio and reduced delay when compared to conventional caching schemes.