Sorption behavior of anthracene onto Nigerian montmorillonite clay mineral was investigated by concentration variations under constant pH, time and temperature. The amount of anthracene sorbed was determined spectrophotometrically. The metal oxide compositions, specific surface area, pH, point of zero charge (PZC), specific gravity, percentage moisture, loss in ignition and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the natural clay were determined. The results of the physico – chemical analysis showed an improvement on the adsorption capacity of the montmorillonite clay. The sorption isotherm fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model equation with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.987. The monolayer sorption capacity revealed that the sorbent has affinity for anthracene and the negative value of the Langmuir parameter; KL related to energy confirmed the physical nature of the sorption process. The results obtained showed that natural clay mineral was reasonably effective sorbent for the removal of anthracene (organic contaminant), which is an important source of environmental pollution.

Retaining walls are used to retain earth or other materials which have the tendency to slide and repose at a particular inclination. They provide lateral support to the embankment or other materials in order to hold them in a vertical position. As against equal forces shells are less thick in comparison with flat slabs, their application is economical regarding consumptive materials, so in this research in order to reduce consumptive materials, multi cylindrical shells are adapted with retaining walls and calculation and analysis of one kind of new lightened retaining wall is proposed. To analyze shell structures, there are different theories. The application of these theories depends on geometrical shape, shell quality, shell usage, boundary condition and enforced loads. To analyze and calculate lightened shell retaining wall, equations are required which should both present the mechanical behavior of the shell with required exactness and also be solvable mathematically. To attain this goal, the method proposed in this research can be applied. In solving the problem formed of multi cylindrical shell with slabs, engineering mechanics combined principles are used and the equations of bending theory of multi cylindrical shell are adapted with retaining walls. Generally, in this paper the analysis method of lightened retaining walls consisted of multi cylindrical shells are presented.

Nanoparticles of silver (NanoAg) have been shown to control the growth of bacteria, but application of NanoAg in endodontics has not been evaluated. This in vitro study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of NanoAg to enhance the inhibitory effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Antibacterial activity of NanoAg, and NanoAg-MTA against 4 types of anaerobic pathogens were tested in vitro using, 1) Agar diffusion test (ADT), and 2) A newly devised membrane-enclosed immersion test (MEIT) that allowed for direct exposure of NanoAg-MTA to bacterial cultures. Concentrations of NanoAg-MTA ranging 6.25 ppm-25 ppm were tested using bacterial suspensions at 37 oC for 0.5h-48h periods under anaerobic conditions. Both NanoAg and NanoAg-MTA inhibited the growth of all 4 test bacteria at 25 ppm concentrations. MEIT analysis consistently showed that NanoAg enhanced the antimicrobial activity of MTA significantly; and bacterial susceptibility to lower concentrations of NanoAg varied depending on the type of bacteria. Overall, NanoAg-MTA showed significant inhibitory effect, which was time and dose-dependent. We conclude that NanoAg can serve as an excellent MTA additive against anaerobic endodontic-periodontal pathogens with clinical applications for infection control in endodontic.

Suicide is committed by a person himself and whether conscious or semi-conscious it is aimed to end one`s life. This action is not committed inadvertently or absurdly. However, it could be related to one`s unmet needs and feelings of despair. This study is a cross-sectional study. The participants include 80 suicide attempters who were hospitalized within 2011 in Ebnesina Hospital of Bandarabbass, Iran. The variables that were taken into account are suicidal patients` demographic characteristics, where, when and how the person had committed suicide. And all of these data were available in patients` profiles. These data were analyzed by using SSPS software. Results showed that 45% of suicidal people were the youth and adolescents. Also, 75.5 % of these people were single and 22.5 % of them were married. Most suicides have occurred in the summer which makes up 41.3 % of all the suicidal people. On the other hand 11.3 % of suicides committed successfully and 88.7 % of them have been unsuccessful. 42.5 % of suicidal people had used drugs and 38.8 % of them had used pesticides to commit suicide. 78.8 % of these patients had psychotic disorders, and 12.5 % of them were suffering from mental disorders such as Schizophrenia. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between seasons in which suicide is committed, marital status, age, mental illness, educational and occupational characteristics of suicidal patients. This study showed that the most vulnerable people in committing suicide are among the youth and adolescents. Singles had attempted suicide more than married people. Most of suicide attempters had used drugs in committing suicide. Generally, in the current study, some variables including; season, marital status, age, history of mental illnesses, educational and occupational variables were all associated with committing suicide.

Background and Goal:The optimal allocation of recourses is the most important instrument of strategic accomplishment and long- term plans in each organization. In other words, policies and purposes of each organization is reflected in the optimal allocation of resources to activities.\nMethod:The study method is descriptive-sectional and functional. The study environment issub- province of Qaemshar and the sample study number includes 75 employed specialists with various specialists in this sub-province in 2010. The data collection instrument is designed due to checklist attendance volume and time- evaluation of services carried out based on one service from the view of self-assertion, time-study and use of experts’ ideas in medical affairs. To assess the workforce, software was designed in SQI server environment.\nFindings:Based on the obtained results, attendance average to a specialist is 7769 people. The most attendance was 13313 people for neurologist during a year and the least attendance was 4852 people for general surgeons in sub-province of Qaemshahr with the population of 330255 people. Attendance norm to a specialist is 1.76 for 1000 people in this study. The number of the assessed force based on the time- consumption average of a service is 75 people. \nConclusion: Efficiency of the offered model is the ability to assess the workforce with“N” indexes. It has flexibility for workforce allocation with regard to the capacity of attendance number in different parts of the country. So, with using the above- mentioned model, not only the problem of lack of medically specialized workforce will be solved in the district under control of each university, but also this model can announce the number of medically needed workforce to the educational deputy of related ministry for education during next N years scientifically and logically.

Several approaches such as two dimensional shear deformation and higher order theories, three dimensional exact elasticity methods along with 2-D and 3-D finite element method are available for the prediction of natural frequencies of composite laminates. Out of all a 3-D finite element method is useful in modeling the structures where complex geometries, materials and constraints. But finite element approach gives an approximate solution depending upon the type of discretization and the method of polynomials eligible for field variable. Therefore it is required to conduct convergence test to improve the accuracy of the finite element results and validating with other benchmark results. In the present investigation, free vibration analysis of thick rectangular plates of isotropic and orthotropic materials under various boundary conditions are found using 3-D finite element method and convergence results are compared with available analytical results. In addition experiments are conducted on thick isotropic and orthotropic materials to validate 3-D FEM with experimental modal analysis also. From this study it is observed that the finite element results are in close agreement with all analytical and experimental results of isotropic material. In case of comparison of 3-D FEM with experimental results of orthotropic materials there is a deviation of 5-8%.