Reviewing the relation between economic growth and international trade is one of the important issues in international economic literature. However, the literature related to the relation between economic growth and international trade has found a particular place at macro levels. Whether foreign trade is driving force of a country`s development? Or on the contrary, the theory of comparative advantage is not consistent with growth and rapid development needs. Basically, the main issue is that whether countries will be able to make more benefit in the process of economic globalization or not? To answer this question, it should be noted that the success of a country depends on its economic structure, principles and rules governing that country and its capability in international market. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization in economic growth conducted using the evidence of MENA countries. Based on the research findings, minimal tariff rates have negative effect in economic growth. Moreover, growth rate has a positive significant effect in international trade.

The aim of paper is studying the impact of perceived quality on customer satisfaction in e-markets. In this research, the impact of perceived quality and factors affecting it, including the appearance of the website and the quality of content, on the satisfaction of the customer in Shahrvand e-store is examined. Additionally, in this research perceived trust is examined as mediator variable. Regarding the method, the present study is a causal research which is conducted by survey and considering the aim, it is applicable. The statistical sample size for society is 280 that only 200 of the filled questionnaires were usable. Statistical analyses which were done based on structural equations confirmed the theoretical model and the direct relation between research hypotheses were proved. The results show that electronic service quality and trust have direct influence on the satisfaction of the customer. Consequently, site appearance and content quality have direct relationship with service quality and finally electronic service quality has a great impact on customer trust.

We deal, in this paper, with the form of the solutions of the following systems of rational third order difference equations\n\nx_{n+1}=((x_{n-1}y_{n})/(y_{n}±y_{n-2})),\ny_{n+1}=((x_{n}y_{n-1})/(x_{n}±x_{n-2})),\n\nwith a nonzero real numbers initial conditions.

The study aims at the relationship between the philosophical minds of managers with organizational culture of employees in Saderat Bank. The methodology is done in the area 4, Mashhad. Then, the purpose of the current study is to gather data on attitudes and features of Saderat Banks in area 4 of the city. The purpose of the study is correlational, as well. Statistical population is a total number of the bank’s employees of the orbit, which have amassed by the research and statistics center on Saderat Bank. The statistical population of the study is all the male/female employees, managers of the branch, and the chief of the central branch in Mashhad. The findings of the H1 show that there is a positive correlation between the flexibility feature of philosophic minds and adaptability. H2 show that there is a positive correlation among the features of flexibility, the totality of philosophic minds and attaining the goals. H3 shows that there is positive correlation among the features of flexibility, the totality of philosophizing, and adaptability of the working group. H4 shows that there is a positive correlation between the features of flexibility and customer-based. H5 shows that there is a positive correlation among the features of flexibility, philosophic minds in depth, and the power of organizational culture.

The study was conducted under rain shelter condition at Universiti Putra Malaysia to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 inoculation on chili plants grown in coconut coir dust media (with and without compost) and moderate (40 %) water deficient condition. Five treatments were tried; Inoculated compost and full irrigation (T1), inoculated compost and moderate irrigation (T2), non-inoculated compost and full irrigation (T3), non-inoculated compost and moderate irrigation (T4), control (non-inoculated and full irrigation). Inoculation increased plant biomass, fruit yield (580 g plant-1) and improved nutrient element uptake in both full and moderate irrigation schemes. Water deficit increased root length (1457 cm) and improved water use efficiency (4.74 g l-1) of inoculated plant. Higher amount of leaf chlorophyll content and proline concentrations (8 µg g-1 fresh weight) were found in inoculated plant under water deficit condition. The activities of Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidise (APX) and Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX ) were significantly lower in inoculated plants than non-inoculated and control treatments. The association of Azospirillum brasilense with chili plant improve plant growth and yield in water stress condition.

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), the most widely surface active agents where used in industrial and domestic detergent and cleaner structure. Many environmental problems such as: eutrophication, negative effects on aquatic life, destruction of aquatic ecosystems, soil pollution, mutagenic and xenobiotic effects, reducing the oxygen level in the water, and so on have been reported related with LAS. In this study, ozone as an advanced oxidation method was used for the treatment of LAS containing wastewaters. For this purpose, the impact of contact time (CT) and pH variations on LAS removal by ozonation at different concentrations of 1.5, 7.5, 20, 45, 75, 100 and 250 mg/L were examined. LAS elimination kinetic was determined based on removal rates via time variations. Best results was achieved at pH=11 and CT=90 min for C=250 and C=5mg/L tantamount to 90.78 % and nearly 100% respectively. According to the results ozone system can be an excellent option for LAS containing wastewater treatment. Moreover LAS removal will follow the first-order kinetics. On the other hand increasing the initial concentration has a negative impact on the reaction rate.

The aim of this study is establishment relationship between the loss of 10-HDA (10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid) of Royal jelly and technological factors in the freeze drying process such as temperature and pressure of environmental freeze drying; time of freeze drying process. This relationship was used to determine the optimal technological parameters. The results were found out as follow: the optimal temperature of environmental freeze drying was 19.82oC, the optimal pressure of environmental freeze drying was 0.569mmHg and the optimal time of the freeze drying process was 18.403h. Corresponding to these parameters, the minimum value of the loss of 10-HDA was 0.72% and the residual water content of final product was 4.282% under 4.5%. These optimal parameters is really essential to set up the technological mode of the freeze drying process Royal jelly for preservation.

This paper explores the evolution of the extranet, its costs and rewards, enhancement issues, and imminent developments. Executing a corporate extranet improves its marginal communications with customers, suppliers, and traitors .It brings about the classifications of extranets, it’s progress during the recent growth and impending analysis of the extranet Using an extranet is an eminent way of decreasing corporate overhead and improving returns, thus improving business profits. Extranets prompt many firms to reduce numerous corporate controls, distribute organization structures, modify the distributing information policies and redefine business partner relationships. It reviews the current developments and future analyses of the extranet. Finally, current and future applications of extranets are analyzed