This paper discusses gate level Test Generation methods for crosstalk faults in VLSI circuits. As design trends move toward nanometer technology, new problems due to noise effects lead to a decrease in reliability and performance of VLSI Circuits. Crosstalk is one such noise effect which affects the timing behaviour of circuits. The crosstalk issues, types of crosstalk effects, crosstalk fault models and types of test generation for crosstalk faults are discussed. These include deterministic and simulation based test generation algorithms for crosstalk pulses, crosstalk delay faults and test generation for crosstalk delay faults in asynchronous circuits.

Recently, the utilization of data mining is vital in a wide range of fields for the knowledge extraction process. The gene data is in the expression levels of thousands of genes for a small amount of samples. Acquiring knowledge is the intricacy in such types of gene data, though number of researches is arising in order to acquire information from these gene data. In this paper, an effective microarray gene data classification with the aid of PCA and SVM is proposed. Initially, the dimensionality diminution process is carried out in order to shrink the microarray data without losing information with the aid of PCA which is one of the techniques utilized for the dimensionality reduction process. The dimensionality reduced gene data is applied with the SVM ensemble for the classification process. Here more than a single class is identified with the aid of this SVM ensemble. This may produce the better results and the obtained results are compared with another dimensionality reduction algorithm PLS.

Upon the observation of 52 studies about violence among and against the youth, the authors have compared 12 applicable articles in which various forms of informal youth violence have been explicitly presented. In a meta-analytic design 6 studies from Balkan countries have been compared with six articles from countries outside of the Balkans. The comparison has been based on two grounds: the proportion of the young exposed to informal violence (three Balkan countries viewed against three countries outside of the Balkans) and intensity of exposure to this type of violence (three Balkan countries viewed against three countries outside of the Balkans). It turns out that in the Balkans the young are proportionally less exposed to informal violence (17.33%) as compared with other countries (22%). This difference is still not statistically significant. In terms of intensity of informal violence, no difference has been found (t = .61). Apart from these analyses, the research has revealed 20 types of informal violence, from excessive pressure by the parents that their child should be successful at school over unjust punishment imposed by the teachers to exclusion from the game and cyber mobbing. A total of 21 negative outcomes of informal violence have been found, such as stressful situations, fear of school, reduced self-efficiency and the feeling of being rejected. Only one positive effect of informal violence has been found – children\'s increased ability to resolve conflicts.

The article presents some possibilities of same type radar copies identification with the use of graphical representation. The procedure described by the authors is based on the transformation and analysis of basic parameters distribution which are measured by the radar signal especially Pulse Repetition Interval. A radar intercept receiver passively collects incoming pulse samples from a number of unknown emitters. The information such as Pulse Repetition Interval, Angle of Arrival, Pulse Width, Radio Frequency and Doppler shifts are not usable. The most important objectives are to determine the number of emitters present and classify the incoming pulses according to the emitters. To classify radar emitters and precisely identification the copy of the same type of an emitter source in surrounding environment, we need to explore the detailed structure i.e. intra-pulse information, unintentional radiated electromagnetic emission and fractal features of a radar signal. An emitter has its own signal structure. This part of radar signal analysis is called Specific Emitter Identification. Utilization of some specific properties of electronic devices can cause heightening probability of a correct identification.

Improvement of breast cancer imaging leads to correct breast cancer staging, and then using a suitable treatment to curing this invasive disease. This proposed work used a silicon rubber material to be put between the ultrasound transducer and patient breast tissue as a matching material. The silicon rubber material used to decrease the reflected power from the total power incident on the checked breast tissue, then the transmitted power to the tissue will be increased. This matching using silicon rubber can increase the efficiency of the imaging processes to about five-hundred times than using gel. The quality of the image is then being increased. This improvement can be measured and evaluated through some features taken from ultrasound images for 12 breast lesion cases, 8 of them were benign, and the other 4 cases were malignant. These features can be used to differentiate between benign and malignant breast tissue. Then this improvement of breast cancer diagnosis can be used in breast tumor classification.

Abstract: Background - Cardiac arrest is parroted as the major contributor to unanticipated death rate around the globe. In some patients the cardiac problems may re-occur, when they start doing their monotonous work. Decrease in heart rate of a post-operative patient will afford drowsy feeling and increase in heart rate will lead to death and huge accidents. This proposed research work examines the relationship between abnormal heart rate and fatigue of a post-operative person in driving state and alerts the patients in case of abnormality detected.\n Methods and Results - We have offered a new solution to develop an intelligent system that can monitor driver\'s fatigue changes through Electrocardiography (ECG) based Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis. Initially the analysis was accomplished by generating a noise free ECG signal through non-intrusive ECG sensors wrapped on to the steering wheel and we have calculated pulse rate using peak detection in LabVIEW.\n Conclusion - From the investigations it is found that if the measured pulse rate is inferior than the threshold the person is subjected to fatigue or if it is greater than threshold then the patient is wide-open to have a second order attack.

Context : The quality of software is highly affected by the dynamics of the development process. Most of the important decisions are taken in meetings during this process and meetings have important impact on quality in software development process (SDP). Cognitive behaviour, which is simply defined as team members’ way of judgement, reasoning and perception of surroundings, plays an important role in achieving quality objectives in these meetings. Objective: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the role of cognitive factors/model in improving the effectiveness of the meetings in SDP. This paper also evaluates the use of an extended Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to approximate the role of cognitive behaviour towards improving the quality of SDP meetings. Method: A quantitative questionnaire containing 14 questions which are grouped under six construct was developed. 120 senior ICT professional were then approached (majority of them are at manager or above level) and in response we collected total of 93 completed survey questionnaires. Results: The results show that impact of cognitive characteristics of meeting partners and the existence of a cognitive model in meetings have positive effect on professionals’ adoption of a cognitive model for the meeting quality. Additionally, results prove that conceptual model TRA supports the use of cognitive behaviour in SDP meetings for increasing the quality. Conclusion: The paper concludes that the awareness on cognitive aspects in general and awareness on cognitive models in SDP meetings have significant impact on professionals’ attitude, behavioural intention and actual behaviour towards adoption of a cognitive model for meeting quality.

Abstract:\nBackground: Facial emotion recognition impairment in psychiatric patients, such as those with mood disorders, and impaired communication and interpersonal skills in these patients is one of the most important issues. The present study aims to evaluate and compare facial emotion recognition among patients with depression, patients with bipolar disorder who were in manic phase, and the subjects of the normal group without a diagnosis of disorder. Moreover, the present study aims to evaluate and compare the relationship between facial emotion recognition ability and communication skills among these patients.\nMethod: The participants of this study included 30 patients with depression, 30 patients with bipolar disorder, and 30 subjects from the normal group, a total of 90 subjects who were selected using convenience sampling method. The PC version of Ekman and Friesen’s facial emotion test (1976) and Queendom’s interpersonal communication skills test (2004) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the statistical tests of correlation, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s post hoc test.\nResults: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the facial emotion recognition in patients with mood disorder and the normal group. Moreover, there is a correlation between facial emotion recognition and communication and interpersonal skills among these patients.\nConclusions: According to the results of this study on facial emotion recognition impairment and its significant relationship with communication skills in patients with mood disorder, it can be said that paying attention to them is very important in treating these disorders and reducing the relapse of the disease.

All medical education and resource management systems followed, in terms of structure in general, the same developments that have had the intervention systems, working concepts, guidelines and protocols according with specific requirements for each category of personnel involved in emergency care in particular regions. \nStrengths of Romanian educational emergency medicine model are represented primarily by the existence of a residency program in EM according EU with training centers, residency program directors, trainers, curriculum and methodology of training and evaluation, certified by the Ministry of Health and the College of Physicians in Romania. \nOther important elements are the integrated medical intervention between ED – Mobil pre hospital services for resuscitation and extrication, structures which provides training and emergency specialists from the ED in both hospital and pre hospital situations in common with the paramedics of the firefighters services and implementation of telemedicine as a key element resource management and directing management\nAlso crews operating stratification during the pre-hospital levels of competence creates opening for response time administration, cooperation, institutional consensus development, coordination and resource management by the integrated medical dispatch. \nPerhaps the most important element in the educational system is its involvement in a complex structural,functional, legal and medical practice reglementations, providing financial, medical and administrative support and sustainability of the development.\nAll educational programs conducted long or short-term work for the various echelons of emergency medicine in Romania were a response to the needs of the emergency healthcare system and thus have come a continuous process of practical validation, permanent upgrade and adapt to the scientific and logistical development occurring permanent in emergency care.