This research done with aims to assess the educational needs of managers in the industrial city of Tehran, Abbas Abad. Research method is a descriptive - correlation. The population consisted of 1000 managers in the industrial town located in the province of Tehran. Based on Chris and Morgan, a random sample of 278 people has been studied among them.Research instrument was questionnaire that Was composed. Component characteristics of Directors, its management, business administration, management, subordinates, management, internal relations and external relations department of the organization. Student\'s t-test results showed that all the variables are the educational needs of managers

The production of bioethanol crops in saline and alkaline soil with saline water irrigation is a sustainable approach for providing new energy resources. This study investigated the salt accumulation and tolerance of H. tuberosus ecotypes from different locations in China,, i.e. Hohhot (HH, Neimeng Province), Yantai (YT, Shandong Province), Yancheng (YC) and Wuxi (WX) (Jiangsu Province), Xining (XN, Qinghai Province), Wuwei (WW, Gansu Province), Dalian (DL, Liaoning Province), and Shihezi (SHZ, Xinjiang Province). After 12 days of growth in substrate containing seawater at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30 or 40%, seedlings were evaluated for growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activities, chlorophyll fluorescence and salt accumulation in tissues. The growth of the eight H. tuberosus ecotypes was affected by increased salinity, especially at the highest concentration (40%), but WX and YC were affected less compared to others. However, these two ecotypes from Jiangsu province (YC and WX) accumulated more Na and Cl than other ecotypes. The content of chlorophyll a in leaves was proportionally high in YC, WX, YT, and DL, suggesting that the photosynthetic organs in these plants were relatively tolerant to seawater salinity stress. Even though all eight H. tuberosus ecotypes showed some tolerance to seawater stress, the most tolerant ones were YC and WX. The results demonstrate importance of selecting tolerant ecotypes of H. tuberosus for bioethanol production in saline and alkaline soils.

The distribution of generalized extreme values(GEV) that belongs to Genkinson(1955) is used vastly to model ultimate ranges of natural\nphenomena. As regards the maximum temperature of one region is\na remarkable component in the growth of plants and the climate of region. This article intends to measure the maximum temperature of several cities and also, to estimate parameters. One of the methods that is used for the estimation of distribution parameters is the maximum Likelihood method(ML). This method is acceptable for huge samples. Justifying the maximum amount of Likelihood is based on the theory of huge samples.

In industrial automation pneumatic actuator, cylinder is the key and resultant working element for delivering effective energy. The operational performances of these actuators are measured in terms of cycle time in automation. Cycle time is the most important design criteria to obtain process throughput time and accuracy in actuator parameters. Further study of dynamic behavior of the actuator is attracting importance to maintain optimum process condition to reach other product quality parameter. The commercially available FluidSIM4 simulation software is used to investigate the dynamic performance of the pneumatic actuator. In this investigation dynamic behavior of position, velocity and acceleration of an actuator under various inlet orifice diameters of directional control valve (DCV) for the nominal working pressure are studied. The DCV is the energy transfer, speed and direction controlling element of the actuator. The investigation of dynamic performance is presented in this article and significant behavior of cycle time with respect to orifice diameter is discussed.

In gerontology the concept of loneliness has often been used to characterise the social world of older people as well as an indicator of their quality of life. Like many other social science concepts they are taken-for-granted ideas from everyday life.\nThis article highlights the feeling and experience of loneliness present at the age of three, as well as its effects on the quality of life of people throughout the late years. It particularly refers to the status, level of anxiety people experience and the state of depression caused by the same state of loneliness.

Iran is located in the part of word which is considered as arid and semi- arid regions except Caspian Sea margin regions Because of this reason, primary cores of most cities of Iran are located at the sides of water rebasins like rivers. These cities are developed at the side of cities and are exceeded to the river limits or beds because of development. Most of Iranian rivers have turbulent or seasonal regimes and cities development in the river beds will cause much damage especially in the floods which have soon return period. Zanjan city is located and developed at the side of Zanjanroud(river of Zanjan). At the present time, eight Zanjanroud sub-basins and the main river bed are located in the city. In the future, many number of Zanjanroudsub-basin will be located in the city because of the city development. Lack of attention to the maximum produced discharge rate in building surface water discharge channels can result in much damage to the city in future. In this research, by determining the sub-basins which are located in the city, the researcher has tried to estimate the flood discharge volume in the return periods of 2, 10, 5, 25, 50, and 100 years and to investigate surface water discharge channels in the city and the critical channels are determined from this viewpoint. The research method is analytical. Topographies map, Air photos, and GIS are used as instruments. Synoptic station statistics of Zanjan is used for the relationship of intensity and precipitation period. The station is the only one in the research area. The result showed that there is much danger in the sub-basin channel of south of Safar Abad region and it has to be modified.

A possibility of purifying aquaculture wastewater rich in nitrogen and phosphorus under conditions (high pH and salinity) existing in mudflats along the coast remains largely unexplored. This research used Eichhornia crassipes to study nutrient removal and kinetics of N and P uptake. After 25 days in simulated wastewater with pH 8.4 and salinity of 10.1 g NaCl/L, E. crassipes grew normally and had high absorption rate and use efficiency of N and P. Significant removal efficiency (more than 90%) was observed in the treatments with low-N and medium-N concentration. Uptake of NO3- and PO43- by E. crassipes was slightly higher in the saline/alkaline water than fresh water. The absorption kinetics followed a dual linear equation. The Km for N and P uptake was slightly but non-significantly influenced by the difference in the water salinity. The Imax for N uptake was not different between saline and fresh water. These results imply that E. crassipes has a high capacity to remove nutrients in wetland aquaculture under high salinity and alkalinity conditions existing in coastal mudflats.

Recently, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have drawn attention by many researchers due to the development of portable computers laptops and Wi-Fi wireless network appliances have accounted for ad hoc networks. Many academic researchers have shown great interest in ad hoc networks for twenty years. One of the main fields adopted by researchers studying on Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is to develop routing protocols in wireless systems. Routing protocol development is related to complexity, scalability, adaptability, productivity, and battery life in wireless systems. Routing protocols for wireless systems are developed in order to cope with these problems. In this paper, AODV, DSDV and Beeadhoc routing algorithms for MANETs are empirically compared in order to resource their large-scale behaviors. The results presented as graphs and brief discussion is given.

In the 1990s, the Romanian model for population occupation related to the active sector has changed completely as opposed to the prior period, since the occupation of the labour force is one of the most problematic aspects of transition. Privatization and decentralization in the Romanian economy have had an important effect on the labour market, leading to heavy redundancy and to the coinage of the unemployment phenomenon. Economy devolutions have reduced the possibilities for labour force occupation; the number of the active population, the rate of activity and occupation has diminished respectively, and the rate of unemployment has increased. Between 1992 and 2009 population migrations have been registered between economy branches, both at a national and local level, as the structure of engaged population depending on economy activities has been altered. This is determined by the difficult situation that the national economy is facing as it transitions from the socialist centralized model to the private one. The diminishing of industrial activity, and especially of large economic units, unprofitable, has led to the diminishing of the active population in the secondary sector. The paper is aiming to identify and analyses the dynamics of employed population structure by gender during the postcomunist period. Based on several statistical data and the scientific cross-references, the authors were able to relate the changes on total population, active population, labour resources, active population by activity and unemployment rate during la last 25 years in South-Western Development Region of Romania.